What is Skin Cancer, how to Identify and Prevent

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the skin cells, and it is the most common form of cancer in the United States. It can be broadly classified into three main types:

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): This is the most common type of skin cancer that starts in the basal cells, which are located in the lower part of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin). BCCs usually appear as small, shiny, or pearly bumps on the skin and are often found on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, and neck. BCCs are generally slow-growing and less likely to spread to other parts of the body.

2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): This type starts in the squamous cells, which are found in the upper part of the epidermis. SCCs can appear as red, scaly patches or open sores that don’t heal, or as wart-like growths and are also commonly found on sun-exposed areas but can spread to other parts of the body if not treated.

3. Melanoma: This is the most serious type of skin cancer. It starts in the melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment (melanin) in the skin. Melanomas often look like unusual moles or spots on the skin, or they can develop from existing moles. Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, not just in sun-exposed areas. They are more likely to spread to other parts of the body if not detected early.

Common Risk Factors for developing skin cancer are:

• Sun Exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds is a major risk factor for all types of skin cancer.

• Skin Type: People with fair skin, light hair, and light eyes are at higher risk.

• Family History: A family history of skin cancer can increase risk.

• Personal History: Having had skin cancer before increases the risk of developing it again.

• Age and Gender: Skin cancer risk increases with age, and men are at higher risk than women.

• Immunosuppression: People with weakened immune systems are at greater risk.

How to Prevent Skin Cancer

• Use Sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and reapply every two hours.

• Seek Shade: Especially during peak sun hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).

• Wear Protective Clothing: Hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts can provide additional protection.

• Avoid Tanning Beds: They can increase the risk of skin cancer.

• Regular Skin Checks: Perform self-exams and visit a dermatologist for regular skin check-ups, especially if you have a history of skin cancer or other risk factors.

Common Symptoms to look for are

• BCC: Pearly or waxy bump, flat, scaly patch, or a sore that doesn’t heal.

• SCC: Red, scaly patches, open sores, or warts.

• Melanoma: Asymmetrical moles or spots, uneven borders, multiple colors, or changes in existing moles.

  
  

Early detection is key in treating skin cancer effectively. If you notice any changes in your skin or have concerns, it is best to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and possible biopsy.